gold chang in northwest area is located in suzhou city, the ancient city, east moat outside the east coast and cross yanghe, east and at pingkiang area adjacent; west to the grand canal west world, and suzhou high new technical industrial zone river; south bridge across the river in small day, three road, tung many in the east coast and double river and is bounded canglang; north to central triangle mouth the water surface, the borders of the city.
gold chang area of the tourism resources, huqiu, hanshan temple, lingering garden, west park and so on historical and cultural relics is the pride of suzhou. swim in suzhou and not swim huqiu, but pity. is the symbol of the ancient city of suzhou huqiu tower is famous world culture heritage, the annual traditional temple fair and huqiu show attracted millions of chinese and foreign tourists. is located in the ancient city in the west of the hanshan temple with a poetry of the present paper arrives at an inter pretation and famous, each ring, people always want to hanshan temple
suzhou belongs to north subtropical monsoon climate, the spring and autumn season for travel.
in october 1955, suzhou city, the city name change, west renamed chang zone of gold. in august 1956, the area before the view (the former central) revoked, the area, respectively, into the north tower area (north) peace river area (east). in july 1958, revocation of the north tower area, the area of peach dock, chang door and changchun street office chang area (most) into gold. founded in november the same year, the city peoples communes, a district social unity. in july 1960, suzhou city, the original three area is adjusted for six, gold chang area in two, set up two gold chang, peach dock area (communes). in july 1962, suzhou cancel each urban commune system. in march 1963, restore to establish three city, peach dock area withdraw into gold chang area. gold chang area during the cultural revolution was renamed yan an area. on june 9, 1980, approved by jiangsu province peoples government: suzhou yanan area changed its name to gold chang area. on september 1, 20xx, suzhou city held a press conference, announced the cancellation of suzhou canglang, at pingkiang area, gold chang area, set up in suzhou gusu area, with the original canglang, at pingkiang area, gold chang area administrative areas for administrative areas in gusu area.
苏州英文导游词范文二canglang district is located in the central and southern chinas historical and cultural city of suzhou, suzhou singapore industrial park in the east, west of suzhou high-tech industrial development zone, named after the deep in the song dynasty famous surging waves pavilion. is the center of the education, culture, science, travel in suzhou, and suzhou citys oldest and one of the central city of the most abundant cultural accumulation.
have canglang pavilion of surging waves is located in the south of three yuan fang, is the oldest in suzhou gardens, the beginning of five surging waves pavilion generation of the son of the king of wu yue money liu money yuan 璙 pool pavilion, a famous poet su shunqin by four guan money bought the garden waste, to build, alongside water pavilion, title of surging waves, since the number of surging waves weng, and the surging wave pavilion . ouyang xiu was invited as the surging waves pavilion long poem, the poem to cool breeze bright moon is priceless, its a pity that only sell forty thousand money fude. since then, the garden to people, surging waves pavilion reputation dazhu. now as the national key cultural relics protection unit. . the master of the nets garden is located in the city bridge south rich family head with lane. beginning for the southern song dynasty official department assistant minister shi zhengzhi in chunxi years (1174-1189) built rolls of hall, implement fishing cain said. because there is siforrestwang lane near, harmonic its sound yuyu implicit meaning, master of the nets garden. as a national key cultural relics protection units. in suzhou pan gate three scene is pan gate in the southwest of the water gate, across the canal wu gate bridge, in the flow of the shadow of the temple tower of the, by doing a grand canal, the three links scene together, become the area of the ancient city of suzhou.
canglang moderate and moist climate, abundant rainfall, all the year round, the four seasons all appropriate tourism, especially in the 4 - best in october. in the meantime, can appreciate taogongliulu natural scenery, but also taste the fresh peach, biluochun, sugar, lotus root, such as seasonal specialties.
suzhou dialect, which is also called wu, is famous in the history, the so-called soft suchou dialect language. canglang as a region of suzhou, dialect and zhou lin at pingkiang, gold chang regions such as basically the same. in the suzhou zhijun, and districts have been detailed and not repeat. only ranked below will wu yuzhong related characteristics. suzhou dialect commonly known as forever is mine. suzhou people claim to be suzhou gossip. its biggest characteristic is soft, it sounds delicious, so that some outsiders willing with suzhou people scold listen to very tasty gossip in suzhou.
苏州英文导游词范文三
district is located in the suzhous old city on the west side, the beijing-hangzhou grand canal in the east, south, wuzhong district, suzhou city in the north, the west lake. with a long history, rich in tourism resources.
suzhou high-tech zone, district world famous historical and cultural city of suzhous old city in the east, west thirty-six thousand pour wide of taihu lake, south and dozens of jiangnan lush rolling hillsides is an organic whole repeatedly, the existing shek wu scenic spot, dongting mountain scenic resort, day spirit and fengqiao hanshan temple, huqiu scenic area around around, fengqiao street west white horse ecology garden in suzhou high-tech zone, and is an important part of tourist area in the west and suzhou covers an area of 7 square kilometers, is the high-tech zone of a piece of original green lung. area to celebrities.of goes back to ancient times, accumulate rich, have jiang feng gu, hanshan bell and other historical and cultural heritage and jinshan stone, town lake embroidery traditional process, and built the first batch of provincial-level cultural relics protection unit of the southern song dynasty, stone buddha, built during ming wanli period of the municipal cultural relics protection unit it daoyuan temple and the municipal cultural relics protection units built in the qing emperor qianlong years three mile pavilion, is a collection of jiangnan landscape beautiful and gentle in wu culture in the integration of land.
district of the four seasons all appropriate travel. district belongs to subtropical monsoon marine climate, in the spring and autumn period and the short, long summer and winter, distinct seasons; mild climate humid throughout the year; the annual average temperature 17.7 ℃; the annual average relative humidity of 80%; an average annual rainfall 1099.6 mm.
suzhou huqiu district was established in 1951, at that time, said the suburbs, is composed of into wuxian city east and west districts, on september 8, 20xx changed its name to approved district, governs transverse pond, huqiu, hushuguan three towns and sunlit baiyang, hushuguan bay street economic development zone. in september 20xx, suzhou municipal party committee, the municipal government of new district, district wuzhong district, suzhou city, such as the zoning adjustment, the district town and huqiu sunlit baiyang bay street, and part of the village of cross town, wuzhong district by the city and delimit ann town and lake town, town street east, suzhou high-tech zone, the district is established. has a long history in the region to celebrities.of, accumulate rich, have jinshan stone, town lake embroidery, etc. the traditional process.
苏州拙政园导游词拙政园是我国四大名园之一。20xx年xx月xx日国务院颁布的第一批全国重点文物保护单位名单中,属于园林方面的有四处:拙政园、颐和园、避暑山庄、留园。其中两处在北方,是我国皇家园林的代表作品;两处在苏州,是我国私家园林的代表作品。
拙政园之所以有这么高的知名度,其中主要有两个原因。一个原因是,拙政园是我国民族文化遗产中的瑰宝,是江南古典园林中的佳作,其布局设计、建筑造型、书画雕塑、花木园艺等方面都有独到之处,被誉为天下园林之母。另一个原因是,拙政园曾为许多在历史舞台上叱咤风云的人物提供了活动场所。其中,有江南文豪钱牧斋和爱妾柳如是;有明末御史、刑部侍郎王心一;有清初海宁籍弘文院大学士、礼部尚书陈之遴;有平西王吴三桂的女儿、女婿;有太平天国忠王李秀成;有江苏巡抚李鸿章和张之万。辛亥革命后江苏都督程德全通告全省,在园内召开江苏临时省议会;抗战胜利后,爱国诗人柳亚子在园内办过社会教育学院。相传,康熙年间,《红楼梦》作者曹雪芹的祖父曹寅担任苏州织造,织造衙门设在葑门,而家眷住在拙政园内。曹寅升迁江宁织造时,推荐内弟李煦接替,家眷住在园内达二三十年之久。
现在,我们可以看到,在高高的清水砖砌墙门的正门上方有砖雕贴金的门额拙政园三个。拙政园始建于明代正德四年(20xx年)。御史王献臣(敬止,号槐雨)因官场失意而还乡,以大弘寺址拓建为园,园内亭台楼阁,小桥流水,古木参天。拙政园的园名是据西晋潘岳的《闲居赋》中此亦拙者之为政也之句缩写而成的。根据苏州市园林管理局提供的资料,王献臣于明代弘治六年(20xx年)中进士,升为御史,但仕途不顺利,曾两次被东厂缉事诬陷,动过刑,下过狱,被贬为广东驿丞,后任永嘉知县,罢官后居家,心里的痛楚无法言表。他对文征明讲:昔潘岳氏仕宦不达,故筑室种树,灌国鬻蔬,曰:此亦拙者之为政也。吾仅以一郡倘?退林下,其为政殆有拙于岳者,园所以识也。意思是说,我之所以要起拙政园这个名,就是要像潘岳一样隐退于林泉之下,要像陶渊明一样守拙归田园。这个园名,反映了王献臣当时那种既无可奈何,又想自我解嘲的复杂心态。
经过拙政园的墙门和通幽入胜 腰门,我们就来到了拙政园的东部。东部花园的南部有一座三开间的堂屋,名为兰雪堂。兰雪两出自李白春风洒兰雪之句,象征着主人潇洒如春风,洁净如兰雪的高尚情操。中间屏门上有一幅漆雕画,是拙政园的全景图。从图上看,拙政园为三个部分:东部,曾取名为归田园居,以田园风光为主;中部,也称为复园,以池岛假山取胜,是拙政园的精华所在;西部,也称为补园,园内建筑物大都建成于清代,其建筑风格明显有别于东部和中部。从图上看,拙政园没有明显的中轴线,没有传统的对称格局,大都是因地制宜,错落有致,疏朗开阔,近乎自然,是苏州诸多园林中布局最为成功的范例。
走出兰雪堂,迎面看到一座假山,青翠的竹丛和古树,簇拥着一座巨大的石峰,状如云朵,岿然兀立,西侧有两块形状怪异的湖石,两石中间夹着一条羊肠小道。中间这座石峰叫做缀云峰,像一个巨大的屏风,挡住来宾们的视线,这种开门见山的造园手法,被称作为障景,起着引人入胜的作用。许多人来到这里,都有一种似曾相识的感觉。这是因为许多来宾都看过中国古典文学巨著《红楼梦》,书中描写的大观园进门处的假山,同这座假山极为相似。《红楼梦》第十七回《大观园试才题对额,荣国府归省庆元宵》中有这样一段故事:贾政父子进大观园题景,开门进去,只见一带翠幢挡在面前。众清客都道:好山,好山! 贾政道:非此一山,一进来园中所有之景悉入目中,更有何趣?往前一望,见白石??,或如鬼怪,或似猛兽,纵横拱立。上面苔藓斑驳,或藤萝掩映,其中微露羊肠小径。这段描写,用在这里非常贴切,可能是偶然的巧合。然而,两园类似的情况还有许多。
过了假山,来宾们看到的是拙政园的东部主要景色。明代崇祯年间,刑部侍郎王心一买下东部后,建造归田园居。园内有山岛、荷池、松冈、竹坞,好一派田园风光。这一部分的主要建筑物,除了兰雪堂外,还有秫香馆、天泉阁、芙蓉榭等。
芙蓉榭,就是建筑在荷花池边上的水榭。榭,是苏州园林建筑中的一种类型,造型轻巧,建在水边或高坡上,下面架空或半架空。芙蓉,有木芙蓉和水芙蓉。木芙蓉是一种变色花,早晨朝霞初现时是淡红色,中午阳光直射时变成紫红色,傍晚夕阳西下时又变成粉红色,甚为珍贵。水芙蓉,是指荷花或莲花。毛泽东主席诗词 中 芙蓉国里尽朝晖,指的是水芙蓉。芙蓉榭的正面一池荷花,背后是一堵高墙,一边开阔、一边封闭的强烈反差,恰如其分地烘托了宁静的气氛。加拿大温哥华逸园中的水榭,就参照了这个设计,前面是一泓池水,后面是一堵高墙,很有苏州古典园林的味道。如果您走到芙蓉榭的门前向西面看,可以见到这个水榭进门的门框上装了一个雕花的圆光罩,透过这个圆光罩可以看到前面的小桥流水,犹如一幅镶嵌在圆形镜框里的油画。如果您走过去再看看仔细,又可以发现这个水榭临水的门框上装了一个雕花的长方形落地罩,前面的河水曲折婉蜒,两岸桃红柳绿,把人引入了一种宁静安谧、淳朴自然的境界中去。这是苏州园林中一种比较常见的造景手法,叫做框景。园主想通过这种手法,把来宾们的视线集中到最佳角度,以达到令人满意的效果。
天泉阁,矗立在一片翠绿的草坪上,攒尖戗角,重檐八面,在蓝天白云下显得格外醒目。相传,这里原来是元代大弘寺的遗址。筑园时,在寺井上造了天泉阁 。这座建筑物,从外面看似乎是两层,在里边看却只有一层。欣赏苏州园林里的建筑物,高的楼阁要仰视。如果您站在天泉阁的戗角下,凝视飘动的浮云,您似乎感到楼阁正在蓝天中翱翔。这就是苏州园林建筑物上大都建有戗角的奥秘。这些戗角,除了有利于采光和通风外,主要是增加了动感和美感,成了苏州建筑的地方特色之一。
秫香馆,顾名思义,就是观赏稻麦飘香的地方。明代归田园居的主人在园林内造有秫香楼,楼可四望,每当夏秋之交,家田种秫,皆在望中。现在见到的秫香馆,其主体建筑是20xx年代重修拙政园时从东山搬迁而来,体型偏大,与原景略有不同。
值得一提的是,西南角樟树旁,有一处池岛假山小品。这座湖石假山上顶着一块大石头,外形很像一只翻底待修的小木船。前面湖面开阔,四周灌木丛生,不远处有几株芦苇,正像太湖边上一个小小的港湾。古代苏州园林的园主,有的是朝廷大臣,有的是封疆大吏,有的是外放州县,也曾经安邦济世,劳碌了一阵子,因为种种原因卸任还乡,在远离京都的苏州,他们找到了安静的港湾。这里风俗清雅,物产丰富,既可以享尽清福,又可以避开政敌,成了达官贵人隐退后选择的最佳地点。正是由于这个原因,他们对佛教的空无学说、道教的出世思想、儒家的隐逸主张特别欣赏,就以避世、淡泊为主题,营造山林野趣,想在独立的小天地里实现自己的人格理想。正所谓,扁舟一叶,浪迹天涯,人迹罕至,方为我家。
拙政园东部和中部,是用一条长长的复廊隔开的。走廊的墙壁上开有25个漏窗,就像精雕细作的剪纸图案,镶嵌在长长的画轴上面。人们信步走在游廊里,随着漏窗花纹的更换,园内的景色也在不断地变幻。这种现象,称作移步换景。如果您再仔细看一看,漏窗上不同的图案,所表现的都是水波纹和冰棱纹,池中欢快的涟漪叠印在窗上凝固的波纹上,更加渲染了苏州水文化的氛围。 当我们打开复廊里的黑漆大门,就来到了中部花园。来宾们站在倚虹轩旁,向西眺望时,大家的第一印象应该是,这里池面宽广,景色秀丽。细心的朋友们还可以发现,在亭台楼阁之旁,在小桥流水之上,在古树花木之间,屹立着一座宝塔,给人以一种庭院深深深几许的感觉。这一借景手法,运用得很成功,园主确实是费尽了心机。因为中部花园东西长,南北窄,有一种压抑感,于是园主利用低洼的地势凿池叠山。用假山遮住两边的围墙,而池面上留出了大量的空间,使人感到开阔而深远。中部花园里的建筑物,大小不同,形状各异,高低错落,疏密有致。每一个建筑物都是一个极佳的观景点,而每一个建筑物也都是景点的重要组成部分。
拙政园的中部花园大致可以分为三个景区。来宾们通过游览三个各具特色的景区,游兴可逐步达到高潮。 第一个景区,以池岛假山为主,包括假山山堍的梧竹的居,假山山顶的待霜亭和雪香云蔚等景点。池岛假山,也称为水陆假山,是中部的主体假山。这 一池三岛基本上是苏州假山的传统格局,其要领是:池岸曲折,水绕山转。这座假山设计极佳,确实是大手笔,完全符合我国山水画的传统技法。从东面看,一山高过一山;从南面看,一山连接一山;从西面看,一山压倒众山。用绘画术语来讲,分别是深远山水平远山水高远山水,表达的是宋代苏东坡诗中横看成岭侧成峰,远近高低各不同的意境。
下面,我们先来观赏 梧竹幽居。梧竹幽居,俗称月到风来亭,位于中部花园的最东面,同倚虹亭相邻。倚虹亭是因为靠在形似长虹的复廊上而得名。梧竹幽居 造型非常别致,四个大大的圆洞门使人马上联想起八月十五晚上的月亮。如果您站在亭子里向外看,这四个圆洞门又恰似四个巨大的镜框,镶嵌着苏州园林一年四季的风光。南面桃红柳绿,西面嫩荷吐尖,北面梧桐秋雨,东面梅花怒放。亭内有梧竹幽居的楹额。梧桐,是圣洁高昂的树;翠竹,是刚柔忠义之物。正所谓: 家有梧桐树,何愁凤不至。两旁有一副对联 :爽借清风明借月,动观流水静观山。慢慢品味,细细咀嚼,眼前似乎出现了两幅山水图画:一幅是皓月当空,夜色朦胧,清风徐来,沁人肺腑;另一幅是阳光明媚,鸟语花香,心动水动,心静山静。用心琢磨一下园主此时此刻的心境,大概同张大千讲的心似闲蛩无一事,细看贝叶立多时,有着异曲同工之妙。如果有的来宾读过孔子《论语》,看了这副对联,可能有另外一种心得。孔子讲:智者乐水,仁者乐山。智者动,仁者静。知者乐,仁者寿。那么,是否可以讲,这副对联的上联是用清风明月来描绘自然风光的无限美好,下联是用乐山乐水来揭示旅游观光对陶冶情操的作用。只有到了这个时候,来宾们才会逐步领悟到苏州古典园林既要模拟自然山水之美景,以达到悦耳悦目的艺术效果,更重要的是要创造诗情画意的韵味,以追求悦心悦意 的心理感觉,再升华到悦志悦神的精神享受。如果您作会到了这种韵味,那么您就开始入门了。
当我们跨过九曲石板桥,沿着弯弯曲曲的山间小道缓步登山时,迎面见到的是待霜亭。待霜出自唐代苏州刺史韦应物书后欲题三百颗,洞庭须待满林霜的诗句,里行间透出了一股霜浓橘红的山野气息和泥土芳香。 我们穿过丛林,越过小溪,步上石阶,就来到了雪香云蔚亭。它位于岛的中央制高点。在这里向周围了望,觉得中部花园像一幅苍劲古朴画卷,展现在我们的面前。在这幅画轴上,有高有低,有近有远,有大有小,有宽有窄,有疏有密,有闹有静。雪香云蔚亭还有山花野鸟之间的楹额和蝉噪林愈静;鸟鸣山更幽 的对联。如果坐在这里歇歇脚,看看景,静静心,真有点超尘脱凡的感觉,自己的身心已经同大自然完全融合起来了。《小城故事》歌词中有一句看似一幅画,听像一首歌,用在苏州拙政园里真是恰如其分。是否可以说,山花野鸟之间是对苏州古典园林的天人合一顺应自然的哲学思想和咫尺山林小中见大的审美观念,最通俗、最绝妙的注解。
当来宾们在第一景区游览,游兴到达高潮时,园主又及时将我们的注意力转向了另一个角度,从山上移到了池塘。这就是中部花园的第二个景区。第二个景区是以荷花池水为中心,围绕水面有 荷风四面香洲见山楼小飞虹小沧浪倚玉轩远香堂等景点。
湖中岛上有荷风四面亭,这里四面环水,三面植柳,真是绝佳的风景点。荷风四面亭上挂有一副对联:四壁荷花三面柳,半潭秋水一房山。廖廖几笔,勾画出了拙政园春夏秋冬的风景特色。其妙处还有,联中蕴含着一、二、三、四的序数。这副对联的上联,仿照济南大明湖小沧浪清代书法家铁保所书的楹联: 四面荷花三面柳,一城山色半城湖。这副对联的下联,仿照唐代诗人李洞的诗句看待诗人无别物,半潭秋水一房山。内容略作改动,用在这里,恰到好处。
香洲同荷风四面亭隔水相望。香洲的洲同舟同音,实际上是一座船型建筑物,可称为石舫或旱船,似乎是一只官船在荷花丛里徐徐而行。值得一提的是,香洲这艘石舫,集中了亭、台、楼、阁、榭五种建筑种类。船头为荷花台,茶室为四方亭,船舱为面水榭,船楼为澄观楼,船尾为野航阁。实际上,在苏州诸多园林中,几乎都建有石舫。从地理原因来讲,苏州是典型的江南水乡,古代大都以舟代步,家家临河,处处通船,在花园里建石舫以应景。从建筑角度来讲苏州园林建筑的种类有亭台楼阁,厅堂馆斋,轩榭廊桥,再加上舫,可以使建筑物形状多样,多姿多彩。再从政治角度来讲,石舫可以经常提醒人们水可载舟,亦可覆舟的道理。园主想借此表白自己处江湖之远,则忧其君的心迹。
经过九曲石桥,沿着游廊走,就来到了见山楼,古代叫做藕香榭。见山楼三面环水,似乎苍龙嬉水。见山楼是龙头,爬山廊是龙身,云墙是龙尾,门洞是龙嘴,曲桥是龙须。见山楼上层有蠡壳和合窗,楼下用落地长窗,室内明式桌椅茶几,梁上悬挂小方什景灯,完整地保留着那种古色古香的风貌。
从见山楼沿着游廊往南走,可以来到小沧浪。见山楼位于第二景区的北部,是主景区,视野开阔,疏可走马。而小沧浪、小飞虹、得真亭这一带是第二景区的南部,是次景区,空间窄小,密不透风。小沧浪的出典是《楚辞.渔父》,原话是沧浪之水清兮,可以濯我缨;沧浪之水浊兮,可以濯我足。用现代的语言来解释,就是倘若朝廷清明,我就洗洗帽缨,准备出仕辅助朝纲;倘若朝廷昏庸,我就洗洗双脚,决心隐退逍遥自在。小沧浪是一座三开间的水阁,南窗北槛,两面临水,跨水而居,构成一个闲静的水院。站在小沧浪前往北看,廊桥小飞虹倒映在水里,水波荡漾,犹如彩虹。这里是观赏水景的最佳去处。只见藕香榭前各路水源汇聚一池,似乎浩浩汤汤,横无际涯。到了香洲前,突然分流回去,其中一条支流弯弯曲曲,扑面而来,经过小飞虹,过小沧浪,有一种余味未尽的感觉。这样的理水手法,符合苏州古典园林关于水面有聚有散,聚处以辽阔见长,散处以曲折取胜的要领,可称一绝。
从小沧浪往东走,就来到了远香堂。欣赏远香堂,可以使来宾们的游兴达到游览这一景区的最高潮。远香堂,位于中部花园的中心位置,前面有一条小河种有莲花,后面有一片水池,广植荷花。夏天荷花盛开,清香一阵阵飘到堂内,所以取宋代周敦颐《爱莲说》一文中香远益清之句成了堂名。远香堂四面都镶有玻璃窗,可以坐在厅里一边品茶,一边聊天,一边看景。厅的南边是一座峻峭的黄石假山,北边是池岛假山,东边山坡上有绣绮亭,西边池塘边有倚玉轩,给人以近山远水,山高水低的感觉。远香堂的楹额,早先是乾隆年间著名学者沈德潜的手笔,因已佚失,由近代书法家张辛稼补写。两边有一副对联,共有,是苏州诸多园林中最长的对联,记载了当年八旗奉直会馆达官贵人聚会时的盛况。苏州古典园林建筑物,十分重视意境的设计,往往在园中的主要景点上,配以古诗古文中的词句,用大量的匾额楹联来点缀。这些匾额楹联,立意深远,意境含蓄,情调高雅,文隽永,书法美妙,既记述了名园的历史,又点明了景点的精华,还抒发了园主的情怀。
拙政园中部花园的第三个景区是枇杷园。枇杷园位于远香堂的东南面,是拙政园中部花园里的园中园,因种有枇杷树而得名。枇杷园的园门设计得很巧妙。来宾们走到这里,见到前面一道云墙,两面种有牡丹,正所谓山穷水尽疑无路了。真没有料到,只要再往前走,就可以发现,黄石堆砌的假山遮住了旁边的一个门洞。随着人们一步一步走近,门洞就一点点扩大。到了门口,才发现门洞像一轮明月,镶嵌在白色的云墙上。过门洞后再往前走,这轮明月又被这边的湖石假山慢慢地遮住了。看着月洞门和牡丹花,不禁使人想到闭月羞花的典故。这个月洞门又像一个巨大的宝镜,庭院里的景物似乎是院外景物的影子。园主巧妙地选择了辟月洞门最佳位置,使雪香云蔚亭月洞门嘉实亭三点同处在一条视线上,并通过月洞门联系前后佳景,从而组成一组对景。由此可见,苏州古典园林在辟门开窗时,除考虑到出入和采光外,尤其注意撷取画面,力求处处有景,景随步移。
第三个景区是以庭院建筑为主,有玲珑馆嘉实亭听雨轩和海棠春坞等。这些建筑物又把空间分割为三个小院。这种造景手法,称为隔景,以便丰富园景,掩藏新景。三个小院,既隔又连,互相穿插,在空间处理和景物设置方面富有变化。每个庭院的天井,用肉眼看大小一般,但用脚步量一下却发现相差甚大。原来玲珑馆前的云墙造得较矮,视野开阔就显得大。海棠春坞尺寸比较小,但开了几个漏窗,使天井显得比较宽敞。听雨轩前的天井面积比较大,就开了一个小池塘,使天井大小适宜,园景丰富。当年,园主喜欢同家眷在这里,一边品尝苏州的船点,一边细听那雨滴打在瓦楞片上、芭蕉叶上、碎石地上,发出 滴滴答答淅淅沥沥劈里啪啦的声音,陶醉在大自然的音乐创作之中。这里似乎是中部花园交响乐的第三乐章。第一乐章,可称为高山之颠第二乐章,可称之为沧海之滨第三乐章,可称之为天伦之乐。嘉实亭里有一副对联春秋多佳日;山水有清音,用在这里,惟妙惟肖。 当来宾们从中部花园,穿过别有洞天的圆洞门后,就来到了西部花园。西部花园的主体建筑是卅六鸳鸯馆和十八曼陀罗花馆。这座建筑物是美化了的 鸳鸯厅结构;外面看是一个屋顶,里边是四个屋面;外面看是一个大厅,里边分为两个客厅;北面客厅是夏天纳凉用的,南面客厅是冬天取暖用的。进门时,圆洞门上方有四个砖雕的篆体得少佳趣。意思是说,进得门来,才能渐入佳境,稍得乐趣。这个大厅建于清代,精雕细刻,摆设考究,气派非凡。北厅的楹额卅六鸳鸯馆是清代状元洪钧墨宝,南厅的楹额十八曼陀罗花馆,是清代状元陆润庠佳作。馆,是宾客聚会的地方,宽敞而幽静,四通而八达。鸳鸯是美满姻缘的代名词,曼陀罗花是延年益寿的吉祥物。据印光法师编撰的《阿弥陀经注释》中介绍,西方极乐世界每天都普降曼陀罗花。当今世上,只有多福多寿的人才能见到。传说,曼陀罗花与山茶花相似,所以,这里种十八棵宝株山茶应景。这个大厅造型别致,椽子为弓形和弧形,四角有耳房,相传是园主听昆曲的地方。史书记载,补园主人张履谦特别喜欢昆曲,经常同曲圣俞粟庐先生在这里切磋曲艺,每当清唱演出进入高潮时,总有一种余音绕梁,三日不绝的感觉。四角的耳房,是供演员换妆,佣人居住的地方。这里的蓝白相间的玻璃窗很雅致,每当盛夏烈日时,阳光透过窗户变成一道道蓝白相间的光束,洒在地上,泛起一阵阵寒意。如果来宾们有兴趣的话,可以用眼睛靠近蓝色的玻璃窗往外看,只见屋顶上、树枝上、石块上、荷叶上,都像是披上了一层白雪。
留听阁位于卅六鸳鸯馆的西面,楹额由清代湖南巡抚吴大澄所书。留听阁出自唐代李商隐的秋阴不散霜飞晚,留得残荷听雨声之句。留听阁南面飞罩是银杏木立体雕刻松、竹、海、雀的花纹,构图匀称,手法精巧。隔扇裙板上刻有蟠螭(夔龙)图案,据说是太平天国忠王府内的遗物,有较高的艺术价值和历史价值。
倒影楼位于卅六鸳鸯馆的北面。之所以取名为倒影楼 ,是因为从前面的池塘里可以清楚地看到这幢楼阁的倒影。楼的下层,叫拜文揖沈之斋。用时髦的话来讲,就是文征明先生和沈石田先生纪念馆。文征明是明代四大才子之一。有的资料说,他参与了拙政园的规划设计。也有的资料说,他依照园景画了31幅图,各配以诗词,并作了《王氏拙政园记》,使名园增辉。沈石田先生曾经是文征明先生绘画方面的指导老师。他们对苏州文化艺术的发展作出过重大贡献。倒影楼中间屏门上雕刻有扬州八怪之一郑板桥的无根竹图,并配有诗词,也是不可多得的珍贵文物。
倒影楼前面有一条曲折婉蜒的水廊,地面贴着池面。池面上波光粼粼,地面上高低起伏,使人感到正踩在池面上随水飘浮。水廊的西面有一组楼阁群,最近的是与谁同坐轩。轩,是形似车厢的建筑物,两头有门框而不上门,随意进出;两旁墙上开有窗口,以便观景。与谁同坐?明月、清风、我。这是苏东坡的诗句,表达了诗人孤芳自赏的心情。园主借此表示自己的清高。仔细再看,与谁同坐轩,好像一把扇子,轩顶的瓦面像折扇的扇面,后面笠亭的尖顶恰似折扇的扇把,简直连接得天衣无缝。
以拙政园为代表的苏州园林,处处是充满着诗情画意的青山绿水,时时是洋溢着温情脉脉的家庭气氛,全园体现了淡泊明志的人生哲理,正是古人们苦苦追求的人间天堂。
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